"Providing the right solutions for your electrical automation challenges"

automatic
       systems, inc.

 

FORMULAS

Ohm's Law:

Ohms = Volts/Amperes (R = E/I)
Amperes = Volts/Ohms (I = E/R)
Volts = Amperes x Ohms (E = IR)
Power-- A/C Circuits:

Efficiency = 746 x Output Horsepower
                  Input Watts

Three-Phase Kilowatts= Volts x Amperes x Power Factor x 1.732
                                          1000

Three-Phase Volt-Amperes = Volts x Amperes x 1.732

3-Phase Amperes =            746 x Horsepower              
                  1.732 x Volts x Efficiency x Power Factor

3-Phase Efficiency =           746 x Horsepower              
                      Volts x Amperes x Power Factor x 1.732

Three-Phase Power Factor =        Input Watts      
                           Volts x Amperes x 1.732

Single-Phase Kilowatts = Volts x Amperes x Power Factor
                                        1000

Single-Phase Amperes =          746 x Horsepower       
                       Volts x Efficiency x Power Factor

Single-Phase Efficiency =             746 x Horsepower       
                             Volts x Amperes x Power Factor

Single-Phase Power Factor =   Input Watts  
                            Volts x Amperes

Horsepower (3-phase) = Volts x Amperes x 1.732 x Efficiency x Power Factor
                                             746

Horsepower (1-phase) = Volts x Amperes x Efficiency x Power Factor
                                          746
Power - D-C Circuits:

Watts = Volts x Amperes (W = EI)

Amperes = Watts  (I = W/E)
          Volts

Horsepower = Volts x Amperes x Efficiency
                         746
Speed - A-C Machinery:

Synchronous RPM = Hertz x 120
                     Poles

Percent Slip = Synchronous RPM - Full-Load RPM  x 100
                      Synchronous RPM
Motor Application:

Torque (lb.-ft.) = Horsepower x 5250
                          RPM

Horsepower = Torque (lb.-ft.) x RPM
                      5250
Time for Motor to Reach Operating Speed (seconds):

Seconds =       WK2 x Speed Change      
          308 x Avg. Accelerating Torque

WK2 = Inertia of Rotor + Inertia of Load (lb.-ft.2)

Average Accelerating Torque = [(FLT + BDT)/2] + BDT + LRT
                                           3

FLT = Full-Load Torque             BDT = Breakdown Torque

LRT = Locked Rotor Torque

Load WK2 (at motor shaft) = WK2 (Load) x Load RPM2
                                  Motor RPM2
Shaft Stress (P.S.I.) =   HP x 321,000   
                        RPM x Shaft Diam.3

Centrifugal Applications:
Affinity Laws for Centrifugal Applications

Flow1 = RPM1
Flow2   RPM2

Pres1 = (RPM1)2
Pres2   (RPM2)2

BHP1 = (RPM1)3
BHP2   (RPM2)3

For Pumps:

BHP = GPM x FT x Specific Gravity
       3960 x Efficiency of Pump

BHP = GPM x PSI x Specific Gravity
       1713 x Efficiency of Pump

Head in Feet = 2.31 PSIG
For Fans and Blowers:

BHP =          CFM x PSF         
       33000 x Efficiency of Fan

BHP =          CFM x PSW       
       6344 x Efficiency of Fan

BHP =        CFM x PSI       
      229 x Efficiency of Fan

Where:
BHP  = Brake Horsepower
CFM  = Cubic Feet per Minute
FT   = Feet
GPM  = Gallons per minute
PSI  = Pounds per square inch
PSIG = Pounds per square inch gravity
PSF  = Pounds per square foot
PIW  = Inches of water gauge
Specific Gravity of Water = 1.0

INDUSTRY ABBREVIATIONS

cm = centimeter

cu. = cubic

ft. = foot

gl. = gallon (US)

gr. = gram

Imp. = Imperial

in. = inch

kg. = kilogram

km. = kilometer

l. = liter

lb. = pound

m. = meter

mi. = mile

oz. = ounce

qt. = quart

std. = standard

US = United States

yd. = yard


LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

   

Common Usage

 

Reciprocal Value

 

1 ft. = 12 in..

 

1 in. = 0.0833 ft.

   

1 yd. = 3 ft.

 

1 ft. = 0.3333 yd.

   

1 rod = 5.5000 yd.

 

1 yd. = 0.1818 rods

   

1 furlong = 40 rods

 

1 rod = 0.0250 furlongs

   

1 mile = 8 furlongs

 

1 furlong = 0.1250 mi.

   

1 mi. = 5,280 ft.

 

1 ft. = 0.000189 mi.

   

1 mi. = 1,760 yd.

 

1 yd. = 0.000568 mi.

   

1 fathom = 6 ft.

 

1 ft. = 0.1667 fathom

   

120 fathoms = 1 cable

 

1 cable = 0.00833 fathoms

   

1 league = 3 mi.

 

1 mi. = 0.3333 leagues

   

1 nautical mi. = 6076.11 ft.

 

1 ft. = 0.000165 natical mi.

   

1 hand = 5 in. (equestrian)

 

1 in. = 0.2000 hands

         

METRIC

   

1 in. = 2.54 cm.

 

1 cm. = 0.3937 in.

   

1 ft. = 30.48 cm.

 

1 cm. = 0.0328 ft.

   

1 m. = 3.2808 ft.

 

1 ft. = 0.3048 m.

   

1 m. = 39.37 in.

 

1 in. = 0.0254 m.

   

1 m. = 1.0936 yd.

 

1 yd. = 0.9144 m.

   

1 rod = 5.029 m.

 

1 m. = 0.1988 rod

   

1 km = 1000 m.

 

1 m. = 0.001 km.

   

1 km = 0.621 mi.

 

1 mi. = 1.6103 km.

SQUARE MEASURES

   

Common Usage

 

Reciprocal Value

 

1 sq. ft. = 144 sq. in.

 

1 sq. in = 0.0069 sq. in.

   

1 sq. yd. = 9 sq. ft.

 

1 sq. ft. = 0.1111 sq. yd.

   

1 sq. rod = 30.25 sq. yd.

 

1 sq. yd. = 0.0331 sq. rods

   

1 sq. mi. = 640 acres

 

1 acre = 0.0016 sq. mi.

         

METRIC

   

1 sq. cm. = 0.1550 sq. in.

 

1 sq. in. = 6.452 sq. cm.

   

1 sq. ft. = 0.0929 sq. m.

 

1 sq. m. = 10.7643 sq. ft.

   

1 sq. m. = 1.196 sq. yd.

 

1 sq. yd. = 0.8361 sq. m.

   

1 hectare = 2.47 acres

 

1 acre = 0.4049 hectares

   

1 sq. km. = 0.386 sq. mi.

 

1 sq. mi. = 2.59 sq. km.

         
         

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Automatic Systems & Textrol Inc.

3160 Commonwealth, Suites 120 & 122, Dallas, TX 75247

Phone: 214-637-6262     Toll Free: 888-480-3791     Fax: 214-637-4723

Contact: sales@textrolinc.com

Last modified: March 02, 2006